EXCEPTIONS TO INFRINGEMENT AND DEFENCES IN REFERENCE TO PARALLEL IMPORTATION

Abstract

The Parallel importation is the illegal transportation of original goods into a country's borders without permission or consent of the IP holder. This situation reflects some of the significant legal challenges that balance territorial IP rights against the principles of free trade. The legal defences by the parallel importers stand as an exception for infringement, this includes those based on doctrines like exhaustion of rights, first sale doctrine, and public interest consideration. This pape

Keywords: Parallel importation, Intellectual property, Exhaustion doctrine, First sale doctrine, Free trade, public interest